#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

const int BUFFER_SIZE = 1 << 20;
char rb[BUFFER_SIZE], *rp = rb, *rt = rb;
inline char read_char() {
    return rp == rt ? (rt = rb + fread(rb, 1, BUFFER_SIZE, stdin), rp = rb, *rp ++) : *rp ++;
}
inline int read_int() {
    int x = 0;
    char ch = read_char(), flag = 0;
    while (ch != '-' && (ch < '0' || ch > '9')) {
        ch = read_char();
    }
    if (ch == '-') {
        flag = 1;
        ch = read_char();
    }
    for (x = 0; ch >= '0' && ch <= '9'; ch = read_char()) {
        x = x * 10 + (ch - '0');
    }
    return flag ? -x : x;
}
inline int read_string(char* s) {
    char* s0 = s;
    for (char ch = read_char(); ch > ' '; ch = read_char()) {
        *s ++ = ch;
    }
    return s - s0;
}

char wb[BUFFER_SIZE], *wp = wb;
inline void write_flush() {
    fwrite(wb, 1, wp - wb, stdout);
    wp = wb;
}
inline void write_char(char c) {
    *wp ++ = c;
    if (wp == wb + BUFFER_SIZE) {
        write_flush();
    }
}
inline void write_int(int x) {
    if (x == 0) {
        write_char('0');
    } else if (x < 0) {
        write_char('-');
        x = -x;
    }
    static char b[32], i;
    for (i = 1; x; i ++) {
        b[i] = x % 10 + '0';
        x /= 10;
    }
    for (i --; i; i --) {
        write_char(b[i]);
    }
}

const int MAX_N = 1000000 + 5;

int N, Q;
char a[MAX_N];
int f[22][MAX_N], lg2[MAX_N];

int main() {
    N = read_string(a + 1);
    for (int i = 2; i <= N + 1; i ++) {
        lg2[i] = lg2[i >> 1] + 1;
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= N; i ++) {
        f[0][i] = f[0][i - 1] + (a[i] == '(' ? 1 : -1);
    }
    for (int j = 1; j <= lg2[N]; j ++) {
        int *f0 = f[j - 1], *f1 = f[j], k = 1 << j - 1;
        for (int i = N - (1 << j) + 1; i >= 0; i --) {
            f1[i] = min(f0[i], f0[i + k]);
        }
    }
    for (Q = read_int(); Q --; ) {
        int l = read_int() - 1, r = read_int();
        int j = lg2[r - l + 1];
        int t = min(f[j][l], f[j][r - (1 << j) + 1]);
        int x = max(f[0][l] - t, 0);
        int y = max(f[0][r] - t, 0);
        write_int(r - l - x - y), write_char('\n');
    }
    write_flush();
    return 0;
}